Análisis epidemiológico de cáncer de vesícula / Epidemiologic analysis of gallbladder cancer

Antecedentes: El cáncer de vesícula biliar se caracteriza por ser un tumor de mal pronóstico y diagnóstico tardío. Objetivo: Describir variables epidemiológicas del cáncer de vesícula en nuestro centro y compararlos con la bibliografía internacional. Material y métodos: En pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía entre el 1º de enero de 2006 y el 31 de diciembre de 2015, se estudiaron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, relación mujer/varón, causa de colecistectomía, clasificación en urgencias y programadas; en los casos de cáncer de vesícula: sexo, edad, histopatología, diferenciación celular, invasión (de pared vesicular, angiolinfática, del ganglio cístico, tejidos vecinos y del hígado), estadificación (clasificaciones de Nevin y de Unión Internacional Contra el Cáncer-UICC). Resultados: Se diagnosticaron 92 neoplasias vesiculares (1,26% de todas las colecistectomías). El promedio de edad para cáncer de vesícula fue 57,9 años (rango 22-88); sexo femenino 64 (69,5%, con relación mujer/varón 2:1. La histopatología mostró 86 (93,4%) adenocarcinomas, 4 (4,4%) carcinomas escamosos y 2 (2,2%) indiferenciados con elementos de origen mesenquimático y epitelial de vesícula. Las lesiones asociadas fueron adenocarcinoma con metaplasia escamosa, 2 casos; mucosecretante, 2 casos; papilar, 1 caso; metaplasia intestinal y antral, 1 caso. En 60 (65,4%) casos fueron moderadamente diferenciados; bien diferenciados, 12 (13%); pobremente diferenciados, 11 (11,9%) e indiferenciados, 4 (4,3%). En 5 casos (5,4%), no se especificaba la diferenciación celular. Conclusión: El cáncer de vesícula diagnosticado luego de una colecistectomía es más frecuente en mujeres, con tipo histológico adenocarcinoma, llamando la atención la cantidad de pacientes jóvenes diagnosticados.

Background: Gallbladder cancer is characterized by poor prognosis and late diagnosis. Objective: The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological variables of gallbladder cancer at our centre and to compare them with data from the worldwide literature. Material and methods: Patients undergoing cholecystectomy between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, male to female ratio, reason for cholecystectomy, urgent or scheduled. In case of gallbladder cancer, sex, age, histopathology, cell differentiation, gallbladder layer invasion, lymphovascular, cystic lymph node, adjacent tissues and liver invasion; and cancer staging according to Nevin staging system and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). Results: Ninety-two gallbladder neoplasms were found, representing 1.26% of all cholecystectomies. Mean age of patients with gallbladder cancer was 57.9 years (range, 22-88 years) of whom 69.5% (n=64) were women, with the same female to men ratio of 2:1 described for cholecystectomy. The histopathology of the 92 gallbladder cancers corresponded to adenocarcinoma, 93.4% (n= 86); squamous cell carcinoma, 4.4% (n= 4); and undifferentiated malignancy with elements of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, 2.2% (n= 2). There were two cases of adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia, two mucinous carcinomas, one papillary adenocarcinoma and one case of antral-type and intestinal metaplasia. Sixty tumors (65.4%) were moderately differentiated; 12 (13%) well differentiated; 11 (11.9%) poorly differentiated; and 4 (4.3%) were undifferentiated. In 5 cases (5.4%) the type of differentiation was not described. Conclusion: In gallbladder cancer diagnosed after a cholecystectomy, it is more frequent in the female sex, with adenocarcinoma being the most common histological type. Interestingly, the number of young patients with gallbladder cancer is noteworthy.

Perfil de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de vesícula biliar / Profile of patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de vesícula e identificar o estadiamento do tumor estabelecido no momento do diagnóstico, bem como o padrão histopatológico no momento da biópsia. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal e descritivo realizado em um serviço de referência em oncologia clínica, baseado em análise secundária de dados correspondentes aos prontuários de indivíduos com diagnóstico de câncer de vesícula biliar atendidos entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2017. Resultados: A distribuição por sexo foi de cinco mulheres (62,5%) e três homens (37,5%). A idade variou de 47 a 74 anos, com média de 61,1 anos e desvio padrão de ±9,03. Nenhum indivíduo era assintomático ao diagnóstico; seis (75%) apresentaram dor em hipocôndrio direito, dois (25%) perda de peso e dois outros (25%) massa palpável. Dos oito indivíduos, seis (75%) apresentavam estadiamento clínico (EC) IV ao diagnóstico. O perfil histopatológico apresentou 100% de adenocarcinoma, sendo uma amostra com áreas papilíferas, três moderadamente diferenciadas, três metastáticas e uma bem diferenciada. Conclusão: O perfil clínico-epidemiológico estabelecido foi maior prevalência de câncer de vesícula biliar em mulheres, com média de idade na sétima década. Predominou a cólica biliar como sintoma. O padrão de adenocarcinoma foi identificado em todos os indivíduos. Três quartos dos indivíduos apresentavam estágio avançado de doença. (AU)

Objective: to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer, and to identify tumor staging established at the time of diagnosis, as well as the histopathological pattern at the biopsy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out in a reference service of clinical oncology, based on secondary analysis of data corresponding to the medical records of patients diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer seen between January-2007 and January-2017. Results: Gender distribution was of five women (62.5%), and three men (37.5%). Patients' ages ranged from 47-74 years, mean age of 61.1 years and standard deviation of ±9.03). No patient was asymptomatic at diagnosis, six (75%) had right hypochondrium pain, two (25%) showed weight loss, and two others (25%), palpable mass. Of the eight patients, six (75%) had EC IV staging at diagnosis. The histopathological profile showed 100% of adenocarcinoma, with one sample having papilliferous areas, three being moderately differentiated, three metastatic, and one well differentiated. Conclusion: The clinical-epidemiological profile established in this study had a higher prevalence of gallbladder cancer in women, with a mean age of the individual around the 7th decade. The most frequent symptom was biliary colic. The adenocarcinoma pattern was identified in all individuals. Three-quarters of them had advanced disease. (AU)

Incidência comparativa de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar em colecistectomias de urgência versus colecistectomias eletivas / Comparative incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer in emergency cholecystectomies versus in elective cholecystectomies

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar, comparativamente, a incidência de câncer incidental de vesícula biliar em colecistectomias de urgência versus colecistectomias eletivas realizadas em hospitais públicos de Teresina-PI. Métodos: estudo observacional descritivo, quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, cujo cenário foram dois hospitais públicos de Teresina-PI. Foram analisados 6.329 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia, entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2017. Os dados coletados foram divididos em dois grupos e confrontados estatisticamente através do teste Z para diferença entre proporções. Resultados: detectou-se câncer incidental da vesícula biliar em 6,53% das colecistectomias de urgência e em 0,38% das eletivas. Quanto ao sexo, observou-se que, na cirurgia de urgência, 69% eram mulheres e 31%, homens, enquanto no procedimento eletivo, 78% eram mulheres e 22%, homens. Quanto à idade, a maioria dos pacientes possuía mais de 60 anos e, entre estes, 69,3% submetidos à colecistectomias de urgência e 82,6%, à eletivas. O tipo histopatológico "adenocarcinoma" foi encontrado em 84,6% das cirurgias de urgência e 100% das eletivas. Conclusão: câncer incidental de vesícula biliar foi mais frequente em colecistectomias de urgência em comparação às eletivas. O perfil dos pacientes com essa doença maligna nos dois tipos de procedimento foi do sexo feminino, maiores de 60 anos de idade e com diagnóstico histopatológico de adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT Objective: to comparatively analyse the incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer in emergency cholecystectomies versus in elective cholecystectomies performed in public hospitals in Teresina city, Piaui state (PI). Methods: descriptive, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study, whose scenarios were two public hospitals in Teresina-PI. We analysed 6,329 medical records of patients undergoing cholecystectomy between January 2011 and December 2017. The collected data were divided into two groups and statistically compared using Z-test for difference between proportions. Results: incidental gallbladder cancer was detected in 6.53% of emergency cholecystectomies and in 0.38% of elective ones. Regarding gender, it was observed that in emergency surgeries 69% of patients were women and 31% men, while in elective procedures 78% were women and 22% men. Regarding age, most patients were over 60 years old, and, among these, 69.3% underwent emergency cholecystectomies and 82.6% underwent elective cholecystectomies. The histopathological type "adenocarcinoma" was found in 84.6% of patients who underwent emergency surgeries and in 100% of patients who underwent elective surgeries. Conclusion: incidental gallbladder cancer was more frequent in urgent cholecystectomies compared to elective cholecystectomies. The profile of patients with this malignant disease in both types of procedure was female, older than 60 years, and with histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.

Frecuencia y características del cáncer de vesícula biliar en un hospital de referencia al sur del Perú, 2009-2014: estudio descriptivo / Frequency and characteristics of gallbladder cancer at a referral hospital in southern Peru, 2009-2014: a descriptive study

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de vesícula biliar es una neoplasia poco común, y su frecuencia es variable en las regiones de Perú. OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y describir las características clínicas del cáncer de vesícula biliar en un hospital de referencia al sur de Perú. MÉTODOS: Estudiamos los informes de todas las muestras de colecistectomías realizadas entre los años 2009 y 2014, en el servicio de anatomía patológica del Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado. Además, revisamos las historias clínicas de los pacientes que tuvieran algún resultado compatible con cáncer de vesícula biliar. RESULTADOS: De 2991 colecistectomías, 75 (2,5%) tuvieron cáncer de vesícula biliar. El síntoma más frecuente en ambos grupos fue el dolor (96,7%), seguido de náusea (87,5%) y vómitos (65,0%). La mayoría de pacientes fueron mujeres (83,3%) mayores de 60 años (65,0%). El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el adenocarcinoma (80,0%). CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de cáncer de vesícula biliar en un hospital de referencia del sur de Perú, es de 2,5% mayor a la reportada en otros estudios en las regiones centro y norte del país.

INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder cancer is a rare neoplasm, its frequency is variable in the regions of Peru. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and describe the clinical characteristics of gallbladder cancer in southern Peru. METHODS: The reports of the anatomopathological department of the Honorio Delgado Regional Hospital were selected from all samples of cholecystectomies performed between 2009 and 2014 and those that had some result compatible with gallbladder cancer were looked for. Subsequently, the clinical histories were searched to obtain the characteristics of these patients. RESULTS: Of 2991 cholecystectomies, 75 (2.5%) had gall bladder cancer. The most frequent symptom in both groups was pain (96.7%), followed by nausea (87.5%) and vomiting (65.0%). The majority of patients were women (83.3%) older than 60 years (65.0%). The most frequent histological type was the adenocarcinoma (80.0%). CONCLUSION: The frequency of gallbladder cancer in a reference hospital in southern Peru is 2.51%, higher than that reported in other studies in the central and northern regions of Peru.

Pathogenesis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis and its relationship with early-stage gallbladder carcinoma: an overview

The exact pathogenesis of gallbladder adenomyomatosis is still lacking and some controversies over its diagnosis and treatment exist. Originally recognized as a precancerous lesion, adenomyomatosis is currently recognized by recent studies as a benign alteration of the gallbladder that is often associated with cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis. Gallbladder carcinoma is an extremely malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Therefore, it is important to diagnose, differentiate, and confirm the relationship between adenomyomatosis and early-stage gallbladder carcinoma. However, the early clinical symptoms of adenomyomatosis are extremely similar to those of gallbladder stones and cholecystitis, increasing the difficulty to identify and treat this disease. This article summarizes the research progress on gallbladder adenomyomatosis, aiming to improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of adenomyomatosis and further provide insight for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Frecuencia y perfil clínico de cáncer de vesícula biliar en pacientes colecistectomizados en 3 hospitales referenciales de Chiclayo entre 2011 y 2015 / The frequency and clinical profile of gallbladder cancer in patients undergoing cholecystectomy in 3 reference hospitals in Chiclayo between 2011-2015

Objetivos: Describir la frecuencia y perfil clínico de cáncer de vesícula biliar en pacientes colecistectomizados en 3 hospitales referenciales en Chiclayo entre 2011-2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. El estudio está dividido en 2 fases, la primera consistió en contabilizar el número total de informes de patología de vesícula biliar y seleccionar los casos positivos para cáncer; la segunda fase consistió en recolectar datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes positivos para cáncer. Resultados: De 5720 reportes de anatomía patológica de vesícula biliar, 58 (1,01%) fueron positivas para neoplasia vesicular. 42 casos (72,4%) fueron mujeres y solo 16 (27,6%) fueron hombres. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal con 41 casos (70,7%). 18 pacientes (31%) refirieron otra sintomatología, la hiporexia fue la más frecuente con 8 casos (13,8%). 41 casos (70,7%) presentaron cálculos vesiculares. El tipo de cáncer que predomino fue el adenocarcinoma con 48 casos (82,8%) seguido por el carcinoma mucinoso con 3 casos (5,2%). Conclusiones: En el departamento de Lambayeque la frecuencia de cáncer de vesícula biliar fue de 1,01% con predominancia en el sexo femenino y sexta década de la vida, siendo el Adenocarcinoma, el tipo más común. Así mismo, los pacientes presentaron con mayor frecuencia dolor abdominal e ictericia

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe the frequency and clinical profile of gallbladder cancer in patients undergoing cholecystectomy in 3 reference hospitals in Chiclayo between 2011-2015. Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study. The study is divided into 2 phases, the first was to count the total number of reports of gallbladder pathology and select positive cases for cancer; the second phase was to collect data from the medical records of patients positive for cancer. Results: From 5720 pathology reports gallbladder, 58 (1.01%) were positive for vesicular neoplasia. 42 cases (72.4%) were women and only 16 (27.6%) were men. The most common symptom was abdominal pain in 41 cases (70.7%). 18 patients (31%) reported other symptoms, the hyporexia was the most frequent with 8 cases (13.8%). 41 cases (70.7%) had gallstone. The predominant type of cancer was adenocarcinoma in 48 cases (82.8%) followed by mucinous carcinoma in 3 cases (5.2%). Conclusions: In the department of Lambayeque frequency of gallbladder cancer was 1.01% with predominance in females and sixth decade of life, being Adenocarcinoma, the most common type. Likewise, patients had more frequent abdominal pain and jaundice

Cáncer de la vesícula biliar. Experiencia de 10 años del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer / Gallbladder carcinoma. A 10 years' experience at National Cancer Institute

36 casos de cáncer vesicular, 3,6 casos nuevos por año, 75% fueron mujeres. La edad media fue 59,5 años. Los factores de riesgo fueron litiasis vesicular en 87%, obesidad 8%, pólipo vesícula 2% y sin factor de riesgo 3%. Ninguno de los pacientes presento antecedentes patológicos familiares. El 100% los pacientes fueron inicialmente intervenidos en otros servicios quirúrgicos del país y luego fueron remitidos a nuestra institución para mejor tratamiento en dichos servicios. Se realizó colecistectomía simple en 26 casos, colecistectomía parcial en 2 casos, colecistectomía + drenaje externo en 3 de los casos, colecistectomía + biopsia ganglionar en 3 casos, y solo biopsia en 2 casos por enfermedad diseminada. El 14% de los pacientes presentó ictericia + coluria + acolia. La estatificación al ingreso fue un estadio IV b en un 83%, IV a 11 % y III b 6 %. A los resultados de anatomía patológica se pudo constatar que el adenocarcinoma predomino en 82% ante el carcinoma escamoso 12% y mal diferenciado 6%.El tratamiento propuesto por el equipo multidisciplinario ya en nuestra institución fue en 7 casos cirugía, quimioterapia exclusiva en 1 caso, quimioterapia paliativa en 5 pacientes, cuidados paliativos exclusivos en 18 casos. Vale la pena mencionar que 5 pacientes se negaron a tratamiento alguno solicitando el alta voluntaria. Cabe destacar que un paciente de la serie el cual recibió tratamiento quirúrgico (linfadenectomia radical+ resección hepática IV Y V) más quimioterapia y radioterapia adyuvante tuvo una sobrevida de 4 años, el resto de los pacientes ingresaron con mal pronóstico y la sobrevida promedio no fue más de 6 meses.

There were found 36 cases of gallbladder cancer, an average of 3.6 new cases per year, 75% were women. The mean age was 59.5 years (40-80 r). As a major risk factor for gallstone disease found in 87%, 8% obesity, gallbladder polyp 2% without risk factor none 3% of patients presented family medical history associated with this pathology. The 100% patients were initially operated in other surgical services in the country and then were referred to our institution for better treatment in these services simple cholecystectomy was performed in 26 cases partial. Cholecystectomy in 2 cases, cholecystectomy + external drainage in 3 cases, cholecystectomy + lymph node biopsy in 3 cases, only biopsy in 2 cases for disseminated disease. 14% of patients had jaundice, choluria + acholia. The stratification at admission was a stage IV b by 83% to 11% IV and III b 6%. A pathology results it was found that the predominant Adenocarcinoma in 82% to 12% and scamous 6% poorly differentiated carcinoma. The proposed by the multidisciplinary team and in our institution treatment was surgery in 7 cases, exclusive chemotherapy in 1 case, palliative chemotherapy in 5 patients, palliative care exclusive in 18 cases. It is worth mentioning that 5 patients refused any treatment requesting voluntary discharge. Notably, one patient in the series which received surgical treatment (radical hepatic resection + lymphadenectomy IV and V) plus radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy had a survival of 4 years.

Hepatectomía derecha asociada a resección de la confluencia de la vía biliar por cáncer de vesícula biliar: presentación de un caso clínico / Right hepatectomy in block with hiliar extra hepatic bile duct for gallbladder cancer: clinical case

El cáncer de vesícula biliar es la neoplasia maligna más común del tracto biliar. Suele presentarse en estadios clínicos avanzados. El tratamiento quirúrgico ha ido evolucionando y en la actualidad equipos dedicados pueden realizar resecciones multiorgánicas extensas y complejas en el afán de lograr resecciones R0 (no enfermedad residual), que podrían ofrecer a los pacientes la posibilidad de curación. En el presente reporte se describe el caso de una paciente con cáncer de vesícula estadio clínico IV, la cual fue sometida a hepatectomía derecha ampliada a segmento IV B en bloque con la confluencia de la vía biliar, lográndose una resección R0

Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. Usually seen in advanced stages. There are still many controversies about the type of curative surgical treatment for each stage of the disease. The only chance of long term survival for patients with advanced tumors is aggressive, large surgeries that implies multiorgan resection.We report the case of a patient with gallbladder cancer with jaundice at diagnosis, who underwent extended hepatectomy (segment IV B, segment I and extra hepatic hilar bile duct included)

Fundal Variant of Adenomyomatosis of the Gall Bladder: An Uncommon Entity.

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a benign and degenerative condition of the gallbladder. It is an incidental finding in gall bladder specimens resected for chronic cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. It frequently occurs after 3rd or 4th decade of life and is often an incidental finding in cholecystectomy specimens resected for chronic cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. Patients with adenomyomatosis are usually asymptomatic it can be classified into three types: Segmental, fundal and diffuse types. The fundal variant is uncommon compared to the other two types. Here, in we present a case of a fundal variant of adenomyomatosis of the gall bladder in a 65-year-old male patient.

Is There Any Role of Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography for Predicting Resectability of Gallbladder Cancer?

The role of integrated 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) is uncertain in gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to show the role of PET-CT in gallbladder cancer patients. Fifty-three patients with gallbladder cancer underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) and PET-CT scans. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-six patients underwent resection. Based on the final outcomes, PET-CT was in good agreement (0.61 to 0.80) with resectability whereas CT was in acceptable agreement (0.41 to 0.60) with resectability. When the diagnostic accuracy of the predictions for resectability was calculated with the ROC curve, the accuracy of PET-CT was higher than that of CT in patients who underwent surgical resection (P=0.03), however, there was no difference with all patients (P=0.12). CT and PET-CT had a discrepancy in assessing curative resection in nine patients. These consisted of two false negative and four false positive CT results (11.3%) and three false negative PET-CT results (5.1%). PET-CT was in good agreement with the final outcomes compared to CT. As a complementary role of PEC-CT to CT, PET-CT tended to show better prediction about resectability than CT, especially due to unexpected distant metastasis.

Differentiating between Adenomyomatosis and Gallbladder Cancer: Revisiting a Comparative Study of High-Resolution Ultrasound, Multidetector CT, and MR Imaging

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) with contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to differentiate between adenomyomatosis (ADM) and gallbladder cancer (GBCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with surgically proven ADM (n = 13) or GBCA at stage T2 or lower (n = 27) who previously underwent preoperative HRUS, contrast-enhanced CT, and contrast-enhanced MRI with MRCP were retrospectively included in this study. According to the well-known diagnostic criteria, two reviewers independently analyzed the images from each modality separately with a five-point confidence scale. The interobserver agreement was calculated using weighted kappa statistics. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated for each modality when scores of 1 or 2 indicated ADM. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement between the two reviewers was good to excellent. The mean Az values for HRUS, multidetector CT (MDCT), and MRI were 0.959, 0.898, and 0.935, respectively, without any statistically significant differences between any of the modalities (p > 0.05). The mean sensitivity of MRI with MRCP (80.8%) was significantly higher than that of MDCT (50.0%) (p = 0.0215). However, the mean sensitivity of MRI with MRCP (80.8%) was not significantly different from that of HRUS (73.1%) (p > 0.05). The mean specificities and accuracies among the three modalities were not significantly different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: High-resolution ultrasound and MRI with MRCP have comparable sensitivity and accuracy and MDCT has the lowest sensitivity and accuracy for the differentiation of ADM and GBCA.

Gallbladder tubrculosis mimicking malignancy: A rare case report.

Summary: Gallbladder tuberculosis is an extremely rare disorder even in endemic region. It often mimics gallbladder malignancy as both of them share some common presentations. This entity is very rarely diagnosed pre-operatively as neither clinical features nor radiology are pathognomonic of gallbladder tuberculosis. The case reported here presented as chronic calculous cholecystitis with mass at gallbladder neck. Patient underwent laparotomy with suspicion of gallbladder carcinoma, which was eventually diagnosed as a case of gallbladder TB following histopathological examination of the resected specimen. He also had pulmonary TB in association and was completely cured with short course antitubercular chemotherapy.

Primary Tumor Maximum Standardized Uptake Value Measured on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Is a Prognostic Value for Survival in Bile Duct and Gallbladder Cancer / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Few studies have assessed the prognostic value of the primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) measured by 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET-CT for patients with bile duct and gallbladder cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 61 patients with confirmed bile duct and gallbladder cancer who underwent FDG PET-CT in Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from April 2008 to April 2011. Prognostic significance of SUVmax and other clinicopathological variables was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were diagnosed as common bile duct cancer, 17 as hilar bile duct cancer, 12 as intrahepatic bile duct cancer, and nine as gallbladder cancer. In univariate analysis, diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, mass forming type, poorly differentiated cell type, nonsurgical treatment, advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and primary tumor SUVmax were significant predictors of poor overall survival. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex, primary tumor SUVmax (hazard ratio [HR], 4.526; 95% CI, 1.813-11.299), advanced AJCC staging (HR, 4.843; 95% CI, 1.760-13.328), and nonsurgical treatment (HR, 6.029; 95% CI, 1.989-18.271) were independently associated with poor overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Primary tumor SUVmax measured by FDG PET-CT is an independent and significant prognostic factor for overall survival in bile duct and gallbladder cancer.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Gallbladder Cancer in a Laundry Couple: Association between Gallbladder Cancer and Benzene / 대한소화기학회지

Gallbladder (GB) cancer occurs predominately as a biliary tract malignant tumor. It generally has a very poor prognosis, and early detection is often difficult. A variety of carcinogens have been implicated as an important cause for GB cancer. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen for hematologic malignancy, and its casual relationship with GB cancer has been suggested. We report a case of two patients who had operated a laundry cleaning facility together and later simultaneously got GB cancer after prolonged benzene exposure.

Diagnóstico incidental de cáncer vesícula biliar durante o después de una colecistectomía por cálculos vesiculares; colecistitis y/o pólipos entre los años 2007 al 2012 en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión / Incidental diagnosis of gallbladder cancer during or after a cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones; cholecystitis or polyps during 2007 to 2012 at the National Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion

El cáncer de vesícula biliar es una neoplasia rara con un pobre pronóstico que depende básicamente del estadio en el que se le encuentre en el momento del diagnóstico. Con el aumento de la colecistectomías por la aceptación de la colecistectomía video laparoscópica el diagnóstico incidental de cáncer de vesícula biliar es cada vez más frecuente. Nosotros reportamos nuestra experiencia en relación al diagnóstico incidental de cáncer de vesícula. Material y métodos: El presente estudio incluye todas las colecistectomías realizadas ya sea por litiasis vesicular; colecistitis y/o pólipos entre Enero del 2007 y Diciembre del 2012. El criterio de exclusión ha sido la sospecha de malignidad. Se recogieron los datos de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico incidental de cáncer de vesícula y se revisaron sus característica clínicas y patológicas. Resultados: De los 3999 pacientes a los que se le realizo colecistectomía; 2531 se sometieron a colecistectomía video laparoscópica y 868 a colecistectomía abierta. Se encontró incidentalmente cáncer de vesícula en 52 pacientes; con un promedio de edad de 61.6 años. El estadio histológico del tumor que se encontró fue; pT1a en 7 pacientes; pT1b en 12; pT2 en 9 pacientes y pT3 en 19 pacientes. Ninguno de los pacientes recibió tratamiento complementario ni médico ni quirúrgico. Del total de pacientes 14 fallecieron dentro de los 150 días después del diagnóstico; de los 38 restantes 5 continuaron en controles y 33 nunca más volvieron a consulta. Conclusión: La incidencia del diagnóstico incidental de cáncer de vesícula es variable y llega hasta un 2.85 por ciento. En el presente estudio, la incidencia de diagnostico incidental de cáncer de vesicular fue de 1.52 por ciento. El sexo femenino y la edad avanzada son factores de riesgo demográficos conocidos. Además el cáncer de vesícula como ya es sabido tiene pobre pronóstico; su diagnóstico incidental permite encontrar estadios más tempranos con mejor pronóstico.

Background/aims: Gallbladder cancer is a rare neoplasm with an extraordinarily poor prognosis that depends on the stage at the time of the diagnosis. With the increase of cholecystectomies due to the wide acceptance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidental diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma is more frequent. We report our experience with gallbladder cancer diagnosed during ir after the performance of a cholecystectomy. Material and Methods: This study included all cholecystectomies due to gallstone disease; cholecystitis or polyps undertaken from January 2007 to December 2012, Exclusion criteria were suspicion of rnalignancy. Patients with incidentally diagnosed gallbladder cancer were recorded, and the clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients were reviewed. Results: Of 3,399 patients, in whorn cholecystectomy was attempted, 2531 were videolparoscopic cholecystectomy and 868 were open cholecystectomy. Incidental gallbladder cancer was found in 52 patients, with a mean age of 61.6 years. The histological tumor stages were adenocarcinoma pT1a in 7 patient, pT1b in 12 patient, pT2 in 9 patient, and pT3 in 19 patients. None of the patients received additional surgery or treatment. Of the total patients; 14 died within 150 days after diagnosis, of the 38 remaining 5 continued in controls and 33 never again see. Conclusion: The incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer has been reported to vary, up to 2.85 per cent. In this single-center study, the rate of incidental gallbladder cancer was found to be 1.52 per cent. Female gender and advanced age are demographic risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma. Although gallbladder cancer is well known for its poor prognosis, tumors that are incidentally diagnosed are often found at an early stage and have a better prognosis.

Does routine histopathological examination of gallbladder after simple cholecystectomy add additional value?

Cholecystectomy for gallbladder stone disease is a common surgical procedure. Gallbladder carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis, which has been linked in some studies to pre-existing gall stone disease. The current practice is to send all gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy for histopathological examination. This adds additional workload on the pathologists. To determine the necessity of routine histopathological examination of gallbladder specimens following simple cholecystectomy. Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Retrospective cohort study. Patients who had cholecystectomy for gallstone disease from April 2010 to March 2012 were included. Operative notes, histopathological reports and final diagnoses were reviewed. The study included 803 patients who had simple cholecystectomy. Three of these patients were found to have gallbladder carcinoma, two females and one male. Dense adhesions were encountered in all malignant cases necessitating conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in one case. Macroscopic examination revealed a thickened gallbladder in all three patients; two patients had mucosal papillary lesions and one patient had polypoidal projection and mucosal ulcerations. These findings were confirmed by the pathologist. On microscopic examination, two patients had adenocarcinoma while one patient had neuroendocrine tumor. Selective approach for sending gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy seems justifiable with no compromise on detection of incidental gallbladder cancer. This approach would lead to a reduction of workload on the pathologist.

Biological behavior and disease pattern of carcinoma gallbladder shown on 64-slice CT scanner: A hospital-based retrospective observational study and our experience.

Purpose: The aim of this diagnostic observational study was to assess the spread and biological behavior of gallbladder cancer using 64-slice computerized tomography (CT) scanner in this particular geographic belt (eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar, and northern Madhya Pradesh provinces of North India). Indians are ethnically and culturally different from their Western counterparts among whom the incidence of this disease is comparatively low. Subjects and Methods: After systemic examination, all patients (87) were subjected to ultrasonographic examination. All cases were histopathologically proven. Confirmed cases were subjected to volumetric CT examination of abdomen and pelvis, plain, post contrast and delayed phase. Results: Majority of the cases were adenocarcinoma. There was female preponderance with majority belonging to fifth and sixth decades. Commonest presentation was diffuse, irregular, enhancing wall thickening in 49.4%. Majority had invasion of liver parenchyma (74.7%). Cholelithiasis was seen in 48.3% cases. Invasion of biliary radicals was high (13.8-18.4%). Eleven cases had invasion of portal vein and tumor thrombus, with hepatic artery invasion in one case. In two cases, both hepatic artery and portal vein invasion was seen. Portal and peripancreatic nodal metastasis was seen in 58.5%. Distant metastasis was reported. Conclusion: Few studies involving the Indian population have attempted to use multi-row detector CT to define the biological behavior of carcinoma gallbladder. The opinion whether the pathology is operable or non-operable can reasonably be given. This large-scale, single-center study gives insight about the epidemiology and biological behavior of carcinoma gallbladder.